A\u011f Protokolleri Nedir ? Ne i\u015fe yarar ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
A\u011f protokolleri<\/em><\/strong>, a\u011fdaki bilgisayarlar aras\u0131nda ileti\u015fimin nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Bunlar d\u00fcnya genelinde standartt\u0131r. Protokoller<\/em><\/strong> yaz\u0131l\u0131m, donan\u0131m veya her ikisi taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Protokoller<\/em><\/strong> network cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l anla\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131, veriyi nas\u0131l g\u00f6nderece\u011fini ve nas\u0131l alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. A\u011f protokolleri<\/em><\/strong> \u015funlar\u0131 yapabilir;<\/p>\n\n\n\n TCP, UDP, FTP, SNMP, HTTP, IP, DNS, DHCP, SSH, TELNET, POP, IMAP, WINS gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli protokoller vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n FTP<\/em><\/strong>\u2018nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cFile Transfer Protocol<\/em><\/strong>\u201d yani \u201cDosya Transfer Protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201cd\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 a\u011fda bulunan bilgisayarlar aras\u0131 dosya al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi, komut ve denetim i\u015flemleri yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 21 numaral\u0131 portu kullanan bir internet protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. FTP<\/em><\/strong>, OSI modelinin uygulama katman\u0131nda bulunur ve TCP\/IP protokollerinden birisidir. Bilgisayarlar aras\u0131 veya bilgisayar sunucu aras\u0131 dosya al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi i\u00e7in FileZilla ve CuteFTP gibi FTP programlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015flem ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce iki network cihaz\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i (online) bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 gerekir. FTP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>, komut ve denetim i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in OSI modelinin uygulama katman\u0131nda bulunan TELNET protokol\u00fcn\u00fc<\/em><\/strong> kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Telnet<\/em><\/strong>\u2018in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cTelecommunication Network<\/em><\/strong>\u201d yani \u201c\u0130leti\u015fim A\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/strong>\u201d d\u0131r. Telnet protokol\u00fc <\/em><\/strong>(ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/strong>) a\u011f \u00fczerindeki \u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir makineye (sunucu-server) ba\u015fka bir makina (pc) kullanarak ba\u011flanmak ve o makine \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. TCP\/IP<\/em><\/strong> protokollerinden birisidir. Telnet<\/em><\/strong> 23 numaral\u0131 portu kullan\u0131r. Telnet<\/em><\/strong> ile ba\u011flanmak istedi\u011fimiz makine \u00fczerinde kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifremizin olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Veriler \u015fifrelenmez. Bundan dolay\u0131 g\u00fcvensiz bir protokold\u00fcr. A\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dinlemek isteyen herhangi biri verilerimizi g\u00f6rebilir. Telnet protokol\u00fcn\u00fc <\/em><\/strong>kullanmak i\u00e7in gereken programlar i\u015fletim sistemlerinde mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SSH<\/em><\/strong>\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cSecure Shell<\/em><\/strong>\u201d yani \u201cG\u00fcvenli Kabuk<\/em><\/strong>\u201d\u2018tur. SSH protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>, bir bilgisayar\u0131n ayn\u0131 a\u011fda bulunan bir sunucuya uzaktan ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir prtokold\u00fcr. TELNET<\/em><\/strong> protokol\u00fc de bu i\u015fi yap\u0131yor fakat TELNET<\/em><\/strong> \u015fifresiz SSH<\/em><\/strong> \u015fifreli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yani bir sunucuya ba\u011flant\u0131 yaparken kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 ve \u015fifreler a\u00e7\u0131k metin olarak de\u011fil \u015fifrelenmi\u015f olarak iletilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SNMP<\/em><\/strong>\u2018nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cSimple Network Management Protocol<\/em><\/strong>\u201d yani \u201cBasit A\u011f Y\u00f6netim Protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201cd\u00fcr. Router, switch gibi network bile\u015fenlerinin veya network kart\u0131 olan UPS<\/em><\/strong> gibi cihazlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimini sa\u011flar. Tabiki network cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n SNMP<\/em><\/strong>deste\u011fi olmak zorundad\u0131r. 500 router i\u00e7eren b\u00fcy\u00fck bir network\u2019\u00fc kontrol etmek zordur. Hatta her bir network cihaz\u0131na tek tek girmek ve onlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli takip etmek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f Solar Winds<\/em><\/strong> gibi \u00fccretli veya Cacti<\/em><\/strong> gibi \u00fccretsiz-a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar ile network cihazlar\u0131n\u0131n band kullan\u0131m bilgilerini, i\u015flemci ve ram kullan\u0131m y\u00fczdelerini SNMP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>kullanarak anl\u0131k izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar y\u00f6netimsel kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flarlar. Hatta bu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar ald\u0131klar\u0131 datalar ile baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar elde eder ve alarmlar olu\u015fturur, uyar\u0131 mail\u2019i veya hata mail\u2019i atar. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cA biriminin hat kullan\u0131m y\u00fczdesi %90\u2019\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u201d veya \u201cB biriminde ba\u011flant\u0131 koptu\u201d gibi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar network cihazlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131 bilgileri SNMP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong> ile \u00e7ekerler. SNMP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong> TCP\/IP<\/em><\/strong>protokollerinden birisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SNMP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>n\u00fcn v1, v2 ve v3 versiyonlar\u0131<\/em><\/strong> vard\u0131r. En g\u00fcvenilir olan\u0131 versiyon 3<\/em><\/strong>\u2019t\u00fcr. Dinleme sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem olarak duyurulan SNMP versiyon 3<\/em><\/strong> \u2019te farkl\u0131l\u0131k olarak, kimlik do\u011frulama<\/em><\/strong> (authentication<\/em><\/strong>) yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve SNMP<\/em><\/strong> data paketleri \u015fifreleme y\u00f6ntemi ile iletilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Cacti\u2019de SNMP version 2<\/em><\/strong>\u2019de sadece \u201ccommunity string<\/em><\/strong>\u201d isteniyor fakat SNMP verisyon 3<\/em><\/strong>\u2019te kimlik do\u011frulama i\u00e7in \u201ckullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131-\u015fifre\u201d, bir \u201cyetki protokol\u00fc se\u00e7imi\u201d ve bir \u201c\u015fifreleme protokol se\u00e7imi\u201d istenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTP\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTP<\/em><\/strong>\u2018nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cHyper Text Transfer Protocol<\/em><\/strong>\u201d yani \u201cHiper Metin Transfer Protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>\u201cd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTP Nedir Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda a\u011f \u00fczerinde (www-world web wide<\/em><\/strong>) kullan\u0131lan bir ileti\u015fim protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. HTTP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong>a\u011f \u00fczerinden web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesini sa\u011flayan protokold\u00fcr. HTTP protokol\u00fc<\/em><\/strong> istemci (PC) ile sunucu (server) aras\u0131ndaki al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Port olarak ise 80 portu<\/em><\/strong>nu kullan\u0131r. \u0130stemci sunucuya bir istek g\u00f6nderir. Bu istek Internet Explorer<\/em><\/strong>, Google Chrome<\/em><\/strong> veya Mozilla Firefox<\/em><\/strong> gibi web berowser<\/em><\/strong>\u2019lar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iletilir. Sunucu bu iste\u011fi al\u0131r ve Apache<\/em><\/strong> veya IIS<\/em><\/strong> gibi web sunucu<\/em><\/strong> programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla cevap verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTPS\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTPS<\/strong><\/em>\u2018nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cSecure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol<\/strong><\/em>\u201d yani \u201cG\u00fcvenli Hiper Metin Transfer Protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>\u201cd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n HTTPS Nedir Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Asl\u0131nda HTTP\u2019nin g\u00fcvenli halidir. HTTPS<\/strong><\/em>\u2018de bahsi ge\u00e7en g\u00fcvenlik ise SSL protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em> ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. SSL<\/strong><\/em>\u2018in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cSecure Sockets Layer<\/strong><\/em>\u201d yani \u201cG\u00fcvenli Soket Katman\u0131<\/strong><\/em>\u201cd\u0131r. SSL protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em> server (sunucu) ile PC (istemci) aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimin \u015fifreli yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Burada SSL<\/strong><\/em>\u2019in detay\u0131na daha fazla girmeyece\u011fiz. HTTPS protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em> default\u2019ta yani \u00f6n tan\u0131ml\u0131 olarak 443 portu<\/strong><\/em>nu kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n SSL<\/strong><\/em>\u2018in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u201cSecure Sockets Layer<\/strong><\/em>\u201d yani \u201cG\u00fcvenli Soket Katman\u0131<\/strong><\/em>\u201cd\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n SSL<\/strong><\/em>, PC (istemci<\/strong><\/em>) ile\u00a0server<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(sunucu<\/strong><\/em>) aras\u0131ndaki veri ileti\u015fiminin \u015fifreli bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve default\u2019ta yani \u00f6n tan\u0131ml\u0131 olarak\u00a0443 portu<\/strong><\/em>nu kullan\u0131r. E\u011fer bir web sitesi\u00a0SSL sertifika<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0hizmetlerinden birini kullan\u0131yor ise bu i\u015flem\u00a0HTTPS protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Yani\u00a0Internet Explorer<\/strong><\/em>,\u00a0Google Chrome<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0veya\u00a0Mozilla Firefox<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0gibi\u00a0web taray\u0131c\u0131m\u0131zda<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(web browser<\/strong><\/em>) girdi\u011fimiz website adresinin ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0HTTPS<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0yaz\u0131yor ise; ileti\u015fim,\u00a0SSL sertifika hizmeti<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0yard\u0131m\u0131yla ve\u00a0HTTPS protokol\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0ile \u015fifreli \u015fekilde ge\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sizlerde yorumlara t\u0131klayarak, yorumlar\u0131n\u0131z ile katk\u0131da bulunabilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 payla\u015farak bizlere destek olabilirsiniz. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" NETWORK NED\u0130R? Network ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 demektir. \u0130leti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr ve bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm veri payla\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131ndan do\u011fmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7lar ile kullan\u0131lan bilgisayarlar gittik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelinde sadece 2 milyar ki\u015fisel bilgisayar oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek durumu daha iyi anlam\u0131\u015f oluruz. Bu bilgisayarlar tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok bir\u015fey ifade etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bir a\u011f ile birbirlerine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna da internet ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nternet ise ileti\u015fim a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n en …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[30,105],"tags":[4302,4299,1528,4298,4303,4297,4304,4305,4301,4294,4300,4296,4309,299,4308,4306,4295,207,4307,4293],"class_list":["post-4161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ag","category-ag-yonetimi","tag-ag-protokolleri","tag-dhcp","tag-dns","tag-ftp","tag-ftp-nedir","tag-http","tag-http-nedir","tag-https-nedir","tag-imap","tag-ip","tag-pop","tag-snmp","tag-snmp-nedir","tag-ssh","tag-ssh-nedir","tag-ssl-nedir","tag-tcp","tag-telnet","tag-telnet-nedir","tag-udp"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":5326,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bilisimonline.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Networking-Protocols.jpg?fit=450%2C650","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7k56R-157","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4161"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4251,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4161\/revisions\/4251"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"A\u011f](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bilisimonline.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Networking-Protocols.jpg?resize=587%2C848&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nFTP NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
TELNET NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SSH NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SNMP NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
HTTP NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
HTTPS NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SSL NED\u0130R? NE \u0130\u015eE YARAR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n