Kimimizin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belas\u0131, kimimizin ise ke\u015ffetmeye doyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 matemati\u011fi bu g\u00fcnlere hangi matematik\u00e7iler getirdi tan\u0131maya ne dersiniz?\u0130\u015fte D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen \u00fcnl\u00fc matematik\u00e7iler\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Anadolu Filozofu: Thales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
M\u0131s\u0131r matematik okulunun ilk \u00f6\u011frencisi ve \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan yedi b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginden biri olan Thales matematik ve geometri alan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir isim. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u2019dan geometriyi \u00f6\u011frenip Yunanl\u0131lara tan\u0131tan Thales\u2019in buldu\u011fu geometri teoremlerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:\u00c7ap \u00e7emberi iki e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6ler.Bir ikizkenar \u00fc\u00e7genin taban a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 birbirine e\u015fittir.Birbirini kesen iki do\u011frunun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ters a\u00e7\u0131lar birbirine e\u015fittir.K\u00f6\u015fesi \u00e7ember \u00fczerinde olan ve \u00e7ap\u0131 g\u00f6ren a\u00e7\u0131, dik a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.Taban\u0131 ve buna kom\u015fu iki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 verilen \u00fc\u00e7gen \u00e7izilebilir.
\u0130sminden de tahmin edildi\u011fi gibi trigonometrideki Pisagor Teoremi\u2019nin sahibi Pisagor ile kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131zday\u0131z. Pisagor astronomi ile ilgilendi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funu, her gezegenin kendi ekseni oldu\u011funu ve gezegenlerin merkezi bir noktan\u0131n \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerini s\u00f6yleyen ilk ki\u015filerden biri oldu.Modern matemati\u011fin babas\u0131 Pisagor\u2019un en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri ise m\u00fczi\u011fin 1, 2, 3, 4 say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n orant\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131klar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmesi. Ayr\u0131ca kare say\u0131lar\u0131 ilk ke\u015ffeden de Pisagor oldu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Isaac Newton (1643 \u2013 1727)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Her ne kadar Newton denildi\u011finde akl\u0131m\u0131za fizik gelsede Newton fizik\u00e7i olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra matematik\u00e7i, astronom, mucit, filozof ve ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. Newton daha 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken (1669) Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldu. \u00d6zellikle analitik geometride e\u011frilerin te\u011fetleri (diferansiyel) ve e\u011frilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alanlar\u0131 (integral) hesaplamak i\u00e7in y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirdi.Bu iki i\u015flemin birbirlerine ters oldu\u011funu bulan Newton, e\u011fimler ile ilgili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirdi ve bunlara ak\u0131\u015f (fluxion) metotlar\u0131 ismini verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bilime 6 Y\u0131l Ara Verdi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Isaac Newton asabi, \u00fcrkek yap\u0131l\u0131, kendisine itiraz edilmesinden korkan bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahipti. Bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 eserlerini sadece dostlar\u0131n\u0131n ikna etmesi sonucu yay\u0131mlatt\u0131.Eserlerinin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra ise ya\u015fanan bir olay Newton\u2019un mesle\u011finden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Robert Hooke, Newton\u2019un yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n kendi bulu\u015fu oldu\u011funu onun bunlar\u0131 sahiplendi\u011fini iddia etti. Bu olaylar \u00fczerine ruhsal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye giren Newton, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile olan ili\u015fkisini kesti. Daha sonra yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Edmond Halley\u2019in (matematik\u00e7i, astronom) gayretleriyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 y\u0131l sonra tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Wilhelm Leibniz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Leibniz 1692 ve 1694 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda e\u011friden t\u00fcretilen apsis, ordinat, te\u011fet, kiri\u015f ve diklik geometrik kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 benimseyip, belirten ilk ki\u015fi olarak bilinir. Leibniz lineer denklemlerdeki sistemin katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu an matris olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir d\u00fczene g\u00f6re ayarlayarak sistemin sonucunun bulunabilece\u011fini de g\u00f6ren ilk bilim insan\u0131.\u0130ntegral fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmesiyle matemati\u011fin \u00e7ehresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olan Wilhelm Leibniz, iyi bir matematik\u00e7i olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iyi de bir felsefeciydi. Matematik ve felsefe aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi de kendine g\u00f6re \u015fu \u015fekilde yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131:\u201cMatematik olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, felsefenin derinliklerine n\u00fcfuz edemeyiz. felsefe olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, matemati\u011fin derinliklerine n\u00fcfuz edemeyiz. \u0130kisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, herhangi bir \u015feye n\u00fcfuz edemeyiz.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Leibniz ile Newton Aras\u0131ndaki Kalk\u00fcl\u00fcs Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Newton, \u201cak\u0131\u015f\u201d y\u00f6ntemlerini 1666 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti ve sadece birka\u00e7 matematik\u00e7iye \u00f6zel olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015fti.Ancak 1675\u2019te Paris\u2019te Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz da tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak kendi diferansiyel y\u00f6ntemini geli\u015ftirdi. Leibniz 1684\u2019te kendi y\u00f6ntemini yay\u0131nlay\u0131nca, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu y\u00f6ntemi \u00f6nce kimin buldu\u011funa dair sert bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1716\u2019da Leibniz hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybettikten sonra bile tart\u0131\u015fma devam etti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tarih\u00e7iler Newton ve Leibniz\u2019in birbirlerinden tamamen habersiz bu y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirdiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumdaki ve bilimdeki yerinin \u00f6nemi anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015fken 1600 sene \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130skenderiyeli Hypatia filozof, matematik\u00e7i ve astronomdu. \u0130lk kad\u0131n matematik\u00e7i<\/strong> olan Hypatia hayat\u0131 boyunca do\u011fay\u0131; mant\u0131k, matematik ve deney ile a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hypatia\u2019n\u0131n bulu\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6k cisimlerinin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, hidrometre\u2019nin bulunmas\u0131nda, s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funluk derecesinin belirlenmesinde etkili oldu. Devrin en g\u00fczel kad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olan Hypatia\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6klid ve Apollonius\u2019un Konikleri \u00fczerine de kitaplar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmekte. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerolamo Cardano \u0130talyan doktoru, matematik\u00e7isi, astrolog ve fizik\u00e7iydi. Cardano baz\u0131 teknikleri k\u00fcplere uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda garip \u015feylerin oldu\u011funu fark etti. x\u00b3=15x+4\u2019\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6zerken -121\u2019i i\u00e7eren bir ifade buldu. Cardano negatif bir say\u0131n\u0131n kare k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fcn al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Ayr\u0131ca denkleminin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinden birinin x=4 oldu\u011funu biliyordu. Bu durumu d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in Tartaglia\u2019ya bir mektup yazd\u0131.Ars Magna ise sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131larla ilgili bir hesaplama verdi. Cardano, Tartaglia\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla 3. dereceden denklemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu buldu ve cebir alan\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131.\u0130statistiklerin, pazarlaman\u0131n, sigorta end\u00fcstrisinin<\/strong> ve hava durumu tahminlerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. 1560 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u015eans Oyunlar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131nda bir kitap da yazd\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n En \u00dcretken Matematik\u00e7isi Leonhard Euler (1707- 1783)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0130svi\u00e7re, Basel\u2019de do\u011fan Euler matematik tarihinde yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne ayak basm\u0131\u015f en muhte\u015fem matematik\u00e7i<\/strong> olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Euler aralar\u0131nda fonksiyon i\u015fareti (f(x)); trigonometrik fonksiyonlar\u0131n tan\u0131mlar\u0131 (sin, cos, tan); do\u011fal logaritman\u0131n taban\u0131 olan m\u00fcthi\u015f \u201cEuler Say\u0131s\u0131\u201dn\u0131n i\u015fareti \u201ce\u201d; toplam hesaplamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan Yunan harfi Sigma (\u01a9); sanal say\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fareti olan \u201ci\u201d ve \u00e7emberin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden pi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fareti \u03c0 de dahil bir \u00e7ok matematiksel ifadenin sembol\u00fcn\u00fc matemati\u011fe kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Yani Euler i\u00e7in matemati\u011fin temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f isim de diyebiliriz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kendi \u0130smiyle An\u0131lan 96 Tane Matematiksel Terim Var.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Euler bir geometrik nesnenin k\u00f6\u015feleri, kenarlar\u0131 ve y\u00fczleri aras\u0131ndaki topolojik ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u201cEuler Karakteristi\u011fi\u201dni bularak bir \u00e7o\u011fu do\u011fru zannedilen say\u0131lamayacak kadar \u00e7ok teoriyi \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. \u0130ki yemek \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir matematiksel ispat\u0131 yapabildi\u011fine dair iddialar da olan Euler\u2019in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc 70 cildi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Euler \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n en \u00fcretken matematik\u00e7isi olarak da ad\u0131n\u0131 tarihe yazd\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son 17 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6rme yetisini tamamen kaybetmesine ra\u011fmen matematik tutkusundan vazge\u00e7meyen Euler bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rme engelli iken<\/strong> sekreterinin yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
8. Matematik\u00e7ilerin Prensi: Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Gauss cebirsel bir denklemin a+ib \u015feklinde bir k\u00f6k\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stererek karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczlemi kurdu. Bu y\u00fczden karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczleme Gauss D\u00fczlemi de denir. Matemati\u011fin \u00f6nemli y\u00f6ntemlerinden en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kareler y\u00f6ntemini ve i*i= -1 e\u015fitli\u011fini de Gauss buldu. Ayr\u0131ca astronomik verilerini analiz ederken, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm hatas\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7an e\u011frisi \u00fcretti\u011fini<\/strong> fark etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Parlak Zekas\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ya\u015fta Kendini Belli Etmi\u015fti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Gauss da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kendini belli etmeye ba\u015flayan bilim insanlar\u0131ndand\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretmeni 1\u2019den 100\u2019e kadar say\u0131lar\u0131 toplamas\u0131n\u0131 istedikten hemen sonra gauss toplama y\u00f6ntemini bularak \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk bir \u015fekilde bu toplam\u0131 hesaplad\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretmeni k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun bu y\u00f6ntemi bulmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015fti. Gauss biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp 16\u2019s\u0131na geldi\u011finde ise Herschel\u2019in 1781 de ke\u015ffetti\u011fi Uran\u00fcs gezegeninin y\u00f6r\u00fcnge elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayarak bu gezegenin y\u00f6r\u00fcnge elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmaya yarayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala kullan\u0131lan bir metot ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Gauss saplant\u0131l\u0131 bir m\u00fckemmeliyet\u00e7iydi. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu yay\u0131nlamad\u0131; \u00f6nce teorileri yeniden d\u00fczenlemeyi ve iyile\u015ftirmeyi tercih etti. Meslekta\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan pek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli matematiksel ke\u015ffi o daha \u00f6nceden yapmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yay\u0131mlamay\u0131 tercih etmemi\u015fti. Matematik tarih\u00e7isi Eric Temple Bell\u2019e g\u00f6re, Gauss g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm matematiksel fikirleri hayattayken yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 matematik 50 y\u0131l ileri atlam\u0131\u015f olurdu. \u00d6klitsiz alan form\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraki notlar\u0131nda bulunan Gauss\u2019un beyni ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in muhafaza edildi<\/strong> ve halen G\u00f6ttingen \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde bir formalin i\u00e7inde korunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
9. F. Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Bernhard Riemann\u2019in 1826\u2019da fakir bir ailede do\u011fmas\u0131ndan 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019\u0131n en se\u00e7kin matematik\u00e7ilerinden birisi olmas\u0131na kadar uzanan bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip. Riemann bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Riemann Geometrisi, Riemann Y\u00fczeyleri ve Riemann \u0130ntegrali gibi kendi ad\u0131yla matemati\u011fe katt\u0131klar\u0131na bor\u00e7lu.Asal say\u0131lar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir problem olan Riemann Hipotezi ise bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n zirve noktas\u0131. \u00c7ok az say\u0131da matematik\u00e7inin anlayabilmesi nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonraki 50 sene kadar fark dahi edilemeyen bu problem, de\u011ferinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte bilimsel arenada sonucu en \u00e7ok merak edilenler listesine girdi. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki, Riemann\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra bile matematiksel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ufuklar\u0131n\u0131 zorlamaya ve yeni yollar aramak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeye devam edecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
10. \u015earlatanl\u0131kla Su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f Bir Deha Georg Cantor (1845-1918)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Georg Cantor \u201cSonsuz k\u00fcme\u201d kavram\u0131na matematiksel bir tan\u0131m getirdi ve ger\u00e7el say\u0131lar\u0131n sonsuzlu\u011funun do\u011fal say\u0131lar\u0131n sonsuzlu\u011fundan \u201cdaha b\u00fcy\u00fck\u201d oldu\u011funu ispatlad\u0131. Cantor daha da ileri giderek k\u00fcmeleri sonlu ve sonsuz k\u00fcmeler olarak ikiye ay\u0131rd\u0131. Sonsuz k\u00fcmeleri ise say\u0131labilen ve say\u0131lamayan sonsuz k\u00fcmeler olarak ikiye ay\u0131ran Cantor\u2019un bu iddias\u0131yla \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nen d\u00f6neminin matematik\u00e7ileri, Cantor\u2019un fikirlerini \u201cmatemati\u011fi istila eden korkun\u00e7 bir hastal\u0131k<\/strong>\u201d olarak nitelendirdiler ve onu \u015farlatanl\u0131kla su\u00e7lad\u0131lar. Oysa ki zamanla, Cantor\u2019un fikirlerinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
11. Kahveyi Teoreme D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Ki\u015fi: Paul Erd\u00f6s (1913-1996)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Erd\u00f6s, Euler\u2019den sonra en \u00e7ok \u00fcretken matematik\u00e7i yapt\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 74 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 50\u2019dir ki bu say\u0131 pek \u00e7ok matematik\u00e7inin bir \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, d\u00fcnyadaki her yedi matematik\u00e7iden birinin onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan matematik\u00e7ilerin \u201cErdos say\u0131s\u0131\u201d \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r ortaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Matematik D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Hi\u00e7bir Becerisi Yoktu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Erd\u00f6s ilk kez kahvalt\u0131da kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ekme\u011fine ya\u011f s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Zira t\u00fcm i\u015flerini o g\u00fcne kadar annesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Hi\u00e7bir zaman sayfalar dolusu denklemler yazmad\u0131, problemler \u00e7\u00f6zmedi. Neredeyse t\u00fcm hayat\u0131 boyunca g\u00fcnde 19 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p,<\/strong> uyan\u0131k kalabilmek i\u00e7in bol miktarda kahve i\u00e7en Erd\u00f6s, matematik\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda \u201cKahveyi teoreme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ki\u015fi\u201d olarak an\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Erdos hayat\u0131n\u0131, matemati\u011fe maksimum zaman ay\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde planlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendine ait evi, ailesi ve hobisi yoktu. Anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re 1940\u2019tan sonra roman okumam\u0131\u015f, sinemaya dahi gitmemi\u015f. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcniversiteler, ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri aras\u0131nda seyahatle ge\u00e7irmi\u015f. Bir bavula s\u0131\u011facak kadar e\u015fyas\u0131 olan Erd\u00f6s, maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131na ve \u00f6\u011frencilerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131. 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Wolf Prize \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc sayesinde 50.000 dolar kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu paran\u0131n yaln\u0131zca 720 dolar\u0131n\u0131 kendisine ay\u0131rd\u0131 geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 ise burs olarak \u0130srail\u2019de bir matematik kurumuna g\u00f6nderdi. 12. John Horton Conway (1937-\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Grup teorisi, say\u0131 teorisi ve geometri gibi saf matematik dallar\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funa \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunan Conway, kombinasyonal oyun teorisinde ve kodlama teorisinde de aktif bir matematik\u00e7i. \u015eu anda Princeton \u00dcniversitesinde matematik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Conway, oyun ve bulmaca analizleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131r. 1970\u2019de bir h\u00fccresel otomat olan Hayat Oyunu\u2019nu geli\u015ftirdi. Bu oyun bilgisayar programlar\u0131na ve evrimin izinde programlar yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilham verdi. 1971\u2019de ise Berwick \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131 ve kraliyet toplulu\u011funun akademik \u00fcyesi olarak se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13. Andrew Wiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ngiliz matematik\u00e7i ve Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Royal Society ara\u015ft\u0131rma profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Andrew 1953 tarihinde Cambridge \u2013 \u0130ngiltere\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f. 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki lisans e\u011fitiminin bitti\u011finden beri ABD\u2019de Princeton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde profes\u00f6r olarak g\u00f6rev yapmakta. Fermat\u2019\u0131n Son Teoremi olarak bilinen matematik problemini, 1637 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 357 y\u0131l sonra 1994\u2019te Richard Taylor ile birlikte \u00e7\u00f6zmesiyle \u00fcnlendi. 10 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken yerel halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bir matematik kitab\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fermat\u2019\u0131n Son Teoremi \u00e7ok ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Belki de matematik\u00e7i olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bu problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya daha o y\u0131llarda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve yine ayn\u0131 problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmesiyle ad\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14. Grigori Perelman (1966-\u2026)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Grigori Perelman 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cBin Y\u0131l\u0131n Sorular\u0131\u201d olarak ilan edilen ve milenyum sorular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan \u201cPoincare Varsay\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ispat\u0131n\u0131 33 sayfal\u0131k bir makaleyle internet \u00fczerinden kamuoyuna sundu. Fakat meslekta\u015flar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere ispat\u0131 \u00e7evresinden gerekli ilgiyi ve inanc\u0131 g\u00f6rmedi. 2006 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise uzmanlar\u0131n bile zor anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn resmen do\u011frulu\u011fu onayland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece kendisi o y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde verilecek olan Fields \u00f6d\u00fcllerine lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201dBen Zaten Evreni Kontrol Edebilirim 1 Milyon Dolar\u0131 Ne Yapay\u0131m?\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Grigori Perelman Matematik\u2019in en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olan Fields \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ve soru ba\u015f\u0131na konulan 1 milyon dolar\u0131 da reddetti. Son olarak 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc milenyum \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de reddeden Perelman herkesi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat daha sonra paray\u0131 tekrardan kabul ederek bu paray\u0131 matematik gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Perelman ile ilgili bir di\u011fer \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 durum ise annesiyle birlikte kom\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n \u015fikayetlerine ra\u011fmen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hamam b\u00f6cekleriyle dolu bir evde ya\u015famas\u0131. Gazetecilere de r\u00f6portaj vermeyen Perelman bu durumla \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:\u201cGazeteciler bilimle ilgilenmiyor. Tek merak ettikleri \u015fey g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n
15. Ya\u015fayan Efsane: Terry Tao (1975-\u2026)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
ABD\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u00c7in k\u00f6kenli Tao, 1975 do\u011fumlu matemati\u011fin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir Amerikal\u0131 matematik\u00e7i. Tao hen\u00fcz 13 ya\u015f\u0131nda lise \u00f6\u011frencilerinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 matematik olimpiyatinda u\u00e7uk dereceler yapt\u0131. Zekas\u0131yla herkesi kendine hayran b\u0131rakan Tao 20 yasinda Princeton\u2019da matematik doktoras\u0131n\u0131 alarak ders vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 24 ya\u015f\u0131nda da profes\u00f6r\u00fc\u011fe y\u00fckseldi. Terry Tao Armonik analiz, k\u0131smi diferansiyel denklemler, cebirsel kombinasyon, aritmetik kombinasyon, geometrik kombinasyon, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alg\u0131lama ve analitik say\u0131 teorisindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Tao 2006\u2019da Fields Madalyas\u0131, 2014\u2019te Matematikte At\u0131l\u0131m \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asal Say\u0131lar \u00dczerinde Yeni Bulu\u015flara \u0130mza Att\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ben Green ile birlikte belirli uzunlu\u011fa sahip sahip asal say\u0131 dizilerini buldu. Bu dizinin \u00f6nemi dizideki her numaran\u0131n sabit bir uzakl\u0131kta olmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 3, 7, 11 dizisi, birbirinden 4 aral\u0131kla ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 asala sahip. Sekans 11, 17, 23, 29 ise 6 a\u015famal\u0131 d\u00f6rt asala sahip. Bunun gibi herhangi bir uzunlukta dizilim mevcutken, o zamana kadar olan asal say\u0131lar\u0131n 18 rakamdan fazla olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hi\u00e7 kimse 25 a\u015famadan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 bulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kimimizin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n belas\u0131, kimimizin ise ke\u015ffetmeye doyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 matemati\u011fi bu g\u00fcnlere hangi matematik\u00e7iler getirdi tan\u0131maya ne dersiniz?\u0130\u015fte D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen \u00fcnl\u00fc matematik\u00e7iler\u2026 1. Anadolu Filozofu: Thales M\u0131s\u0131r matematik okulunun ilk \u00f6\u011frencisi ve \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce ya\u015fayan yedi b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginden biri olan Thales matematik ve geometri alan\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f bir isim. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u2019dan geometriyi \u00f6\u011frenip Yunanl\u0131lara tan\u0131tan Thales\u2019in buldu\u011fu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4965,4966],"tags":[5720],"class_list":["post-5808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bimola","category-hikaye","tag-matematik-bilim-adamlari"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":1084,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bilisimonline.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/giphy-5.gif?fit=480%2C221","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7k56R-1vG","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5808"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5811,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5808\/revisions\/5811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-a8_yz4aMzp8\/XD4JNv3pESI\/AAAAAAAAAXE\/BR5JO0KMvSESM9sGcJUAs6GH6XiOAVASwCLcBGAs\/s400\/pisagor.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-MPs4rWRnCaU\/XD4JgH2O-5I\/AAAAAAAAAXM\/iLLZh0hI9qQJnm5f1WD2ZAwMZTWWRGIlQCLcBGAs\/s400\/Isaac-Newton.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-lYsyApoX1lE\/XD4JyYQ2tlI\/AAAAAAAAAXU\/OfmvnDvkmmQPY7-2hC__M4srgavubc6tACLcBGAs\/s400\/Wilhelm-Leibniz.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-c3-r49gGP-o\/XD4J84YijqI\/AAAAAAAAAXY\/B9FiOO229XMCPpfQ72CbOMJGKoRWIJADwCLcBGAs\/s400\/hypatia.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-DkBJ5OuH1QE\/XD4KITTS2uI\/AAAAAAAAAXg\/WREax2Q1mvQqFVk4F4SlL25a8QyBWezGACLcBGAs\/s400\/ACardano_Sagesse.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xK3ou-yusfw\/XD4KZRASjVI\/AAAAAAAAAXs\/jAn7V3nJRSI8M6TxabbFIL2OXAV1uZrAwCLcBGAs\/s400\/leonhard-euler-.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-dSY7OC-bgcY\/XD4KoKMsfeI\/AAAAAAAAAXw\/5WNx8SLFuWMnEkYiMcDx_yPjtHnxyt9awCLcBGAs\/s400\/1200px-Carl_Friedrich_Gauss_.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-1RjkOVTIuXE\/XD4KzHqXs3I\/AAAAAAAAAX4\/baSmAtwWOxAelA9FEThAQcjLcu6AwnifQCLcBGAs\/s400\/estelll_133665881551.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-6tMrXB4nBdw\/XD4LEtJ4BsI\/AAAAAAAAAYA\/3esEfVK0RC84BM4gKXeOUzohGZ2FPDz6QCLcBGAs\/s400\/bernhard-riemann.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-A7jDfjf8ItE\/XD4LS6C2sTI\/AAAAAAAAAYI\/RuO8eXvdGD4fylTFFg_nEm2jMQdCj5gDgCLcBGAs\/s400\/gw_hum_cantor-1.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-onVUiJ0F2MU\/XD4LlNu-F6I\/AAAAAAAAAYU\/IlcwLcPzUxcS4x01M7k33UhMoPbMgAiNwCLcBGAs\/s400\/maxresdefault.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-JnWeOz4ajko\/XD4LwQi2rKI\/AAAAAAAAAYY\/Cz2okAjZyjIMGbNJ0Xy3YbnHlnPBQTyGgCLcBGAs\/s400\/john-horton-conway-jpg.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-4dM7G9iLjgQ\/XD4L-112UsI\/AAAAAAAAAYg\/dcGGX7rBQcUmABS0WvuAEbfhojvqdXhJgCLcBGAs\/s320\/andrew-wiles.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Br-WU8aVwiQ\/XD4MkbvKeGI\/AAAAAAAAAYw\/tAhR1HexbPIl3SKo3k7UtsxKhhJDo6EmQCLcBGAs\/s400\/Grigori-Perelman.jpeg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"\/](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-ThsG8D-bbFg\/XD4MyBHB7cI\/AAAAAAAAAY0\/XMrVMIeD1wQAJElIdAJuKoJ98jGiC-gEgCLcBGAs\/s400\/TerenceTaophoto_mid.jpg?w=620&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n