{"id":5901,"date":"2020-02-10T11:31:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-10T08:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/?p=5901"},"modified":"2020-02-19T12:21:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T09:21:57","slug":"sanallastirmada-en-sik-kullanilan-terimler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/2020\/02\/10\/sanallastirmada-en-sik-kullanilan-terimler\/","title":{"rendered":"Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rmada En S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan Terimler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma (virtualization)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong>&nbsp;Misafir olarak isimlendirilen birden fazla i\u015fletim sisteminin depolama ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n veya a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131ndan herhangi birini kullanarak ayn\u0131 fiziksel ekipman kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile donan\u0131m aras\u0131nda mant\u0131ksal bir katman olu\u015fturarak kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan fiziksel sistem kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fmesini engeller. Bu katman kullan\u0131c\u0131 taleplerini alarak uygun bir \u015fekilde donan\u0131ma ileten mant\u0131ksal bir katmand\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IT d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sanalla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>A\u011f Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Yedekleme Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131,<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Sunucu Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n genel amac\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirirken y\u00f6netimsel g\u00f6revleri merkezile\u015ftirmektir. Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri; kurulum, y\u00f6netim, bak\u0131m, s\u00fcreklilik, esneklik, maliyet ve b\u00fct\u00e7eleme gibi konulara farkl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 getiren ve istisnai durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veri merkezlerinin vaz ge\u00e7ilmez altyap\u0131 sistemlerindendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rmada en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan 20 terim;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1- Sanal Makine (VM)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanal CPU, sanal RAM, sanal I\/O cihazlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer sanal donan\u0131m cihazlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere sanal donan\u0131m cihazlar\u0131 k\u00fcmesi. Geleneksel, fiziksel bir sunucu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp davran\u0131r ve Windows veya Linux gibi geleneksel bir i\u015fletim sistemini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn ve teknoloji, VM&#8217;lerin in\u015fa edilip \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi bir platform sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu teknolojiler bir\u00e7ok temel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip olsalar da, bu \u00f6zellikleri payla\u015fma e\u011filimindedirler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Her sanal ana bilgisayarda ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok VM \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<br>&#8211; Ayn\u0131 ana bilgisayarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan VM&#8217;ler birbirlerinden izole edilmi\u015ftir.<br>&#8211; Bir VM&#8217;deki y\u00f6neticiler ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, ayn\u0131 ana bilgisayarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan di\u011fer VM&#8217;lerin ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemine veya konuk i\u015fletim sistemine eri\u015femez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2- Hypervisor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanal makine monit\u00f6r\u00fc (VMM) olarak da bilinen, ayn\u0131 fiziksel bilgisayarda birden \u00e7ok i\u015fletim sisteminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma platformu. Fiziksel donan\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6netir, VM&#8217;leri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve temel donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dinamik olarak ili\u015fkili sanal donan\u0131mla payla\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011frudan genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir i\u015fletim sistemi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunun yerine VM&#8217;lerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi bir platform sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3- Bare metal hypervisor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do\u011frudan donan\u0131m \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ayr\u0131 bir ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemi gerektirmeyen sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma platformu. \u00d6rnekler Hyper-V, ESX Sunucusu ve Citrix XenServer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4- Hosted hypervisor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sisteminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve sanal makinelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Microsoft Virtual PC ve Virtual Server, VMWare, VMWare Server, VMWare Workstation, Parallels Desktop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5- Host operating system<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Temel i\u015fletim sistemi, misafir i\u015fletim sistemlerinin sanal makinelere kuruldu\u011fu ve donan\u0131m ile etkile\u015fime giren fiziksel bir makineye kurulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6- Thin Client<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ok yal\u0131n bir Windows veya Linux uygulamas\u0131 olan ve genellikle uygulamalar\u0131 yerel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n uzak bir sanal masa\u00fcst\u00fcne ba\u011flanmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7- Zero Client<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nce bir istemciden bile daha yal\u0131n bir istemci ayg\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Tipik olarak, bir zero istemci g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc, tescilli bir i\u015fletim sistemi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve yerel diski yoktur. Uzak sanal masa\u00fcstlerine ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8- Snapshot (Anl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanal makinenin belirli bir zamandaki anl\u0131k ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc al\u0131n\u0131r ve herhangi bir sebepten dolay\u0131 sanal makine \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemleri geri almak istedi\u011fimizde alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz snapshot\u2019larla eski haline geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9- Paravirtualized<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015feni bir VM \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran oldu\u011funu bilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, paravirtualized sanal ayg\u0131t s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc alttaki ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemi ile ileti\u015fim kuran bir VM i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Genellikle, paravirtualized bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc verimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in temel ana i\u015fletim sistemi ile s\u0131ralar, arabellekleri veya di\u011fer veri \u00f6\u011felerini temel ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemi ile payla\u015fmak \u00fczere optimize edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10- P2V (Physical to Virtual):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belirli bir Windows 2008 sever gibi geleneksel bir sunucunun fiziksel sunucu donan\u0131m\u0131ndan sanal makineye ge\u00e7i\u015fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11- Virtual Hardware Device (Sanal Donan\u0131m Ayg\u0131t\u0131):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Belirli bir donan\u0131m ayg\u0131t\u0131 gibi benzeyen ve davranan bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015feni. Sanal makinedeki konuk i\u015fletim sistemi ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 sanal donan\u0131m ayg\u0131t\u0131 asl\u0131nda fiziksel bir donan\u0131m ayg\u0131t\u0131 gibi davran\u0131r. VM, geleneksel CPU&#8217;lar, sanal RAM, sanal depolama ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve sanal Ethernet ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 gibi geleneksel, fiziksel sunucularda bulunan cihaz k\u00fcmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir sanal donan\u0131m cihaz\u0131 k\u00fcmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12- Virtual Machine Manager (Sanal Makine Y\u00f6neticisi) VMM:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanal makine monit\u00f6r\u00fc olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan, bir VM&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden ve sanal donan\u0131m kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 temelde bulunan ana bilgisayarla brokerler. Sanal makinenin fiziksel kaynaklara eri\u015fmesi gerekti\u011finde ana bilgisayar\u0131 bilgilendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13-<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Sentetik cihazlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hyper-V&#8217;de ayg\u0131tlar i\u00e7in taklit ayg\u0131tlardan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir ek y\u00fck sa\u011flayan yeni bir konsept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14- Unity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VMWare&#8217;de, konuk i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar\u0131n, ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f gibi ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemi masa\u00fcst\u00fcnde uygulama pencereleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme modu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15- Highly Available (HA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ar\u0131za durumunda otomatik korumalara sahip bir sistem veya bile\u015fendir. Koruma, az miktarda plans\u0131z aksama s\u00fcresine izin verebilir, ancak sorunu \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak d\u00fczeltir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16- VM High Availability (VM HA)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ana bilgisayar ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir VM&#8217;nin otomatik olarak kullan\u0131labilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. VM HA, VM&#8217;nin ba\u015fka bir ana bilgisayarda otomatik olarak yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>17- Resource Contention (Kaynak rekabeti)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir VM&#8217;nin di\u011fer VM&#8217;ler veya genel gider i\u015flemleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir kaynak i\u00e7in rekabet etti\u011fi bir durum. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ana bilgisayar\u0131n bellek kapasitesi \u015fu anda tam olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa ve baz\u0131 VM&#8217;ler daha fazla bellek talep etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, bellek ge\u00e7i\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve baz\u0131 VM&#8217;ler diske ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18- Fully virtual<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm donan\u0131m ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen taklit eden bir VM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>19- Grab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klavyenizin, i\u015faretleme ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n vb. Giri\u015flerini sanal bir makineye y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in (genellikle VM konsol penceresine t\u0131klayarak).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>20- Ungrab<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u015faret ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faret\u00e7isinin VM penceresinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi, otomatik olarak VM&#8217;den ana bilgisayar i\u015fletim sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma (virtualization):&nbsp;Misafir olarak isimlendirilen birden fazla i\u015fletim sisteminin depolama ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n veya a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131ndan herhangi birini kullanarak ayn\u0131 fiziksel ekipman kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri kullan\u0131c\u0131 ile donan\u0131m aras\u0131nda mant\u0131ksal bir katman olu\u015fturarak kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan fiziksel sistem kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fmesini engeller. Bu katman kullan\u0131c\u0131 taleplerini alarak uygun bir \u015fekilde donan\u0131ma ileten mant\u0131ksal bir katmand\u0131r. IT &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanal"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":833,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.bilisimonline.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Sanallastirma-Virtualizations-nedir.jpg?fit=648%2C376","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7k56R-1xb","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5901"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5901"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5902,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5901\/revisions\/5902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.bilisimonline.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}